You can use these studies to support/evaluate Miller's Focal Concerns. Questions to consider at the end... Parker (1974) Studied working-class adolescent males in inner-city Liverpool. They referred to themselves as ‘the boys’. Parker studied their behaviours on nights out: When they were out, they said they didn’t go looking for fights, but if anyone hinted that they weren’t tough or that they couldn’t hold their drink, a fight would ensue. Their ability to pick up girls usually depended on how they looked, and their repartee. The essence of a good night out for them was having “a laff”. When they went out, they said they had no idea what was going to happen, though they did say that the thing they hated was being pushed around by bouncers or policemen. Downes (1966)
Studied young working class men in London. Downes found no evidence of distinctive values, but found that they were disassociated from mainstream values. By this, he meant that they were more concerned about their leisure time, social lives and having fun than they were about their long-term future or employment – and they were, as a result, more likely to engage in petty crime.
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